Housing for a fastener of a vehicle component

ABSTRACT

Methods and systems are provided for a housing for a fastener of a vehicle component. In one example, a housing for a fastener includes a central conduit adapted to receive the fastener, and a radial key extending outward from an outer surface of the housing. The radial key is first pressed against a vehicle component in an axial direction of the housing to form a first section of a channel within an interior of the vehicle component, and the key is then rotated against the interior to form an undercut, second section of the channel in a circumferential direction of the housing.

FIELD

The present description relates generally to methods and systems for ahousing for a fastener of a vehicle component.

BACKGROUND/SUMMARY

Components of a motorized vehicle are often formed from a variety ofdifferent materials. Some components, such as an intake manifold of thevehicle, are often formed of a polymer material (e.g., plastic) toreduce a weight and/or cost of the components, and/or to utilize ofother properties of the material, such as thermal resistance. It isoften desirable to secure a position of the plastic components withinthe vehicle through the use of various fasteners, such as bolts. Forexample, bolts may be inserted through one or more openings of theintake manifold in order to secure the intake manifold to the engine.

However, a weight-bearing quality of plastic components may be decreasedrelative to components formed of a different material, such as metal. Insome conditions, such as conditions in which a fastener inserted into aplastic component is subjected to a large amount of force relative to aweight of the plastic component, it may be difficult to retain theplastic component in its position within the vehicle. Attempts toaddress the issue of the decreased weight-bearing quality of plasticcomponents include reinforcing the plastic component with one or moremetal components. One example approach is shown by Martin in EuropeanPatent 0551717. Therein, a method of installing an insert in a plasticbody is disclosed. The insert is formed of metal and includes a screwthread. A hole in the plastic is sealed by the insert, and the size andshape of the insert and hole are selected so that axial displacement ofthe insert into the hole is accompanied by softening of the plastic dueto the fastener being preheated or by vibrations applied to the plasticvia the insert.

However, the inventors herein have recognized potential issues with suchsystems. As one example, such inserts often rely on frictional forcesbetween a surface treatment of the insert (e.g., a knurled outersurface) and the softened plastic in order to retain the insert inengagement with the plastic component during conditions in which a loadis applied to the insert. Often, during conditions in which a high loadis applied to such an insert, the insert may be forcibly decoupled fromthe plastic component, resulting in a shifting of the position of theplastic component within the vehicle. It is therefore desirable toincrease the load-bearing quality of inserts for plastic components inorder to more securely maintain the position of the plastic componentswithin the vehicle.

In one example, the issues described above may be addressed by a method,comprising: inserting a housing for a fastener into a passage extendingthrough a vehicle component while cutting a first section of a channelinto the vehicle component in an axial direction of the housing with akey of the housing, the key extending radially outward from an outersurface of the housing; then, locking the housing to the vehiclecomponent by rotating the housing within the passage. In this way, thekey of the housing cuts the channel into the vehicle component andretains the position of the housing within the vehicle component.

As one example, the housing is inserted into the vehicle component inthe axial direction, driving the key of the housing to carve the firstsection of the channel as the housing is inserted. The housing is thenlocked to the vehicle component by rotating the housing in acircumferential direction of the housing, driving the key to carve thesecond section as the housing is rotated within the vehicle component.The key may be heated prior to insertion of the housing into the vehiclecomponent in order to melt a material of the vehicle component to formthe channel. By embedding the housing in the vehicle component in theaxial direction and then rotating the housing in the circumferentialdirection, the channel produces an undercut within an interior of thevehicle component. The key is seated in the channel and is held inposition by the undercut, retaining the housing in engagement with thevehicle component and increasing the load-bearing quality of thehousing.

It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introducein simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described inthe detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essentialfeatures of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defineduniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description.Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited toimplementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any partof this disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically shows a vehicle having an engine including acombustion chamber, and an intake passage including an embedded fastenerhousing.

FIG. 2A shows a front perspective view of a housing for a fastener, andFIG. 2B shows a side elevation view of the housing.

FIGS. 3A-3D show side cross-sectional views of the housing of FIGS.2A-2B in various coupled and decoupled conditions relative to a vehiclecomponent.

FIGS. 4A-4C show front views of the housing in various coupled anddecoupled conditions relative to the vehicle component.

FIG. 5 shows a plurality of housings similar to the housing of FIGS.2A-4C coupled to an intake passage of a vehicle.

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart illustrating a method for coupling a housingfor a fastener to a vehicle component.

FIGS. 2A-5 are shown to scale, though other relative dimensions may beused, if desired.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description relates to systems and methods for a housingfor a fastener of a vehicle component. A vehicle, such as the vehicleshown by FIG. 1, includes an engine and a plurality of vehiclecomponents, such as intake passages, exhaust passages, etc. One or moreof the vehicle components may be partially or entirely formed of apolymer material (e.g., plastic). The polymer vehicle component includesa housing for a fastener, such as the housing shown by FIGS. 2A-2B,embedded within the vehicle component. The housing may include a centralconduit adapted to receive a fastener, such as a bolt, and may provide areinforced interface for coupling the vehicle component to anothercomponent within the vehicle (e.g., the engine). The housing, initiallydecoupled from the vehicle component as shown by FIG. 3A and FIG. 4A,may be heated above a threshold temperature and inserted into a passageof the vehicle component in an axial direction of the housing, as shownby FIG. 3B. A radial key of the housing carves a first section of achannel into an interior of the vehicle component, as shown by FIG. 3Band FIG. 4B. The housing is then rotated within the vehicle component tocarve a second section of the channel via the radial key of the housing,as shown by FIGS. 3C-3D and FIG. 4C. By carving the first section andsecond section of the channel with the radial key, the housing is lockedinto engagement with the vehicle component. In some examples, aplurality of housings may be coupled to the vehicle component, as shownby FIG. 5, to reinforce the vehicle component at multiple locations. Inthis way, the housings increase a load-bearing quality of the vehiclecomponent, enabling a position of the vehicle component to be maintainedwithin the vehicle. Additionally, the radial key of each housing reducesa likelihood of each housing from being decoupled from the vehiclecomponent.

FIG. 1 depicts an example of a vehicle 5 including a combustion chamberor cylinder of internal combustion engine 10. Engine 10 may becontrolled at least partially by a control system including controller12 and by input from a vehicle operator 130 via an input device 132. Inthis example, input device 132 includes an accelerator pedal and a pedalposition sensor 134 for generating a proportional pedal position signalPP. Cylinder (herein also “combustion chamber”) 14 of engine 10 mayinclude combustion chamber walls 136 with piston 138 positioned therein.Piston 138 may be coupled to crankshaft 140 so that reciprocating motionof the piston is translated into rotational motion of the crankshaft.Crankshaft 140 may be coupled to at least one drive wheel of thepassenger vehicle via a transmission system. Further, a starter motor(not shown) may be coupled to crankshaft 140 via a flywheel to enable astarting operation of engine 10.

Cylinder 14 can receive intake air via a series of intake air passages142, 143, 144, and 146 (which may be referred to herein as intakelines). In some examples, intake air passage 146 may be one of aplurality of passages of an intake manifold of the engine 10, with eachpassage of the plurality of passages being coupled to a separatecylinder of the engine 10. In some examples, one or more of the intakepassages may include a boosting device such as a turbocharger or asupercharger. For example, FIG. 1 shows engine 10 configured with aturbocharger including a compressor 174 arranged between intake passages142 and 144, and an exhaust turbine 176 arranged along exhaust passage148. Compressor 174 may be at least partially powered by exhaust turbine176 via a shaft 180 where the boosting device is configured as aturbocharger. However, in other examples, such as where engine 10 isprovided with a supercharger, exhaust turbine 176 may be optionallyomitted, where compressor 174 may be powered by mechanical input from amotor or the engine. A throttle 162 including a throttle plate 164 maybe provided along an intake passage of the engine for varying the flowrate and/or pressure of intake air provided to the engine cylinders. Forexample, throttle 162 may be positioned downstream of compressor 174 asshown in FIG. 1, or alternatively may be provided upstream of compressor174.

The vehicle 5 may include one or more vehicle components having one ormore housings adapted to receive a fastener. For example, intake passage142 is shown joined to intake passage 143 via a plurality of fasteners181, with each of the fasteners 181 being coupled to a separate housing182 embedded within the intake passage 143. Each housing 182 may includea central conduit adapted to receive one of the fasteners 181 in orderto couple the intake passage 143 to the intake passage 142. Each housing182 is permanently embedded within the intake passage 143 in order toreinforce a coupling interface between the fasteners 181 and the intakepassage 143. In some examples, one or each of the intake passage 143 andintake passage 142 may be formed of a softer, first material (e.g., apolymer material, such as a thermoplastic), and each housing 182 may beformed of a harder, second material (e.g., a metal, such as steel). Inother examples, the housings 182 may be formed of a different material(e.g., fiberglass) having an increased rigidity, durability, and/orhardness relative to the material of the intake passage 143 and intakepassage 142 in order to reinforce the intake passage 143 and increase adurability of the coupling interface between the fasteners 181 and theintake passage 143. A melting temperature of the harder, second materialmay be greater than a melting temperature of the softer, first material.

In some examples, one or more of the fasteners 181 may include threadedsurfaces shaped to engage with corresponding counterpart threadedsurfaces of the central conduit of one or more of the housings 182. Forexample, the fasteners 181 may be bolts having threaded outer surfacesshaped to engage with inner threaded surfaces of the housings 182. Inother examples, the fasteners 181 may not include threaded surfaces. Forexample, at least one of the fasteners 181 may be a non-threadedfastener such as clips, hooks, plugs, etc., with the non-threadedfastener being configured to engage with (and lock to) at least one ofthe housings 182. In some examples, some of the fasteners 181 may bethreaded fasteners including threaded surfaces and some of the fasteners181 may be non-threaded fasteners that do not include threaded surfaces,with the threaded fasteners configured to couple to housings 182 havinginner threaded surfaces (as described above) and the non-threadedfasteners configured to couple to housings 182 that do not include innerthreaded surfaces.

Although the intake passage 143 is described above as one example of avehicle component that includes embedded housings 182 adapted to receivefasteners 181, the vehicle 5 may include one or more additionalcomponents having similar embedded housings 182. For example, a casingof the compressor 174 of the vehicle 5 may include a plurality ofsimilar housings (e.g., similar to housings 182) adapted to receivefasteners (e.g., similar to fasteners 181) in order to couple the casingof the compressor 174 to the intake passage 143 and/or intake passage144. Additionally and/or alternately, other vehicle components (e.g., afuel tank, engine cover, etc.) may include a similar configuration ofembedded housings. For example, one or more of the vehicle componentsdescribed below (e.g., exhaust passages, transmission 54, etc.) mayinclude embedded housings similar to the housings 182, with the housingsadapted to receive fasteners in order to couple the vehicle componentsto other components of the vehicle 5 (e.g., a body of the vehicle 5) andmaintain a position of the vehicle components within the vehicle 5.Examples of housings similar to the housings 182 are described belowwith reference to FIGS. 2A-2B, with example vehicle componentsconfigured to receive the housings being described below with referenceto FIGS. 3A-3D, FIGS. 4A-4C, and FIG. 5.

Exhaust passage 148 can receive exhaust gases from other cylinders ofengine 10 in addition to cylinder 14. Exhaust gas sensor 128 is showncoupled to exhaust passage 148 upstream of emission control device 178.Sensor 128 may be selected from among various suitable sensors forproviding an indication of exhaust gas air/fuel ratio such as a linearoxygen sensor or UEGO (universal or wide-range exhaust gas oxygen), atwo-state oxygen sensor or EGO (as depicted), a HEGO (heated EGO), aNOx, HC, or CO sensor, for example. Emission control device 178 may be athree way catalyst (TWC), NOx trap, various other emission controldevices, or combinations thereof.

Each cylinder of engine 10 may include one or more intake valves and oneor more exhaust valves. For example, cylinder 14 is shown including atleast one intake poppet valve 150 and at least one exhaust poppet valve156 located at an upper region of cylinder 14. In some examples, eachcylinder of engine 10, including cylinder 14, may include at least twointake poppet valves and at least two exhaust poppet valves located atan upper region of the cylinder.

Intake valve 150 may be controlled by controller 12 via actuator 152.Similarly, exhaust valve 156 may be controlled by controller 12 viaactuator 154. During some conditions, controller 12 may vary the signalsprovided to actuators 152 and 154 to control the opening and closing ofthe respective intake and exhaust valves. The position of intake valve150 and exhaust valve 156 may be determined by respective valve positionsensors (not shown). The valve actuators may be of the electric valveactuation type or cam actuation type, or a combination thereof. Theintake and exhaust valve timing may be controlled concurrently or any ofa possibility of variable intake cam timing, variable exhaust camtiming, dual independent variable cam timing or fixed cam timing may beused. Each cam actuation system may include one or more cams and mayutilize one or more of cam profile switching (CPS), variable cam timing(VCT), variable valve timing (VVT) and/or variable valve lift (VVL)systems that may be operated by controller 12 to vary valve operation.For example, cylinder 14 may alternatively include an intake valvecontrolled via electric valve actuation and an exhaust valve controlledvia cam actuation including CPS and/or VCT. In other examples, theintake and exhaust valves may be controlled by a common valve actuatoror actuation system, or a variable valve timing actuator or actuationsystem.

Cylinder 14 can have a compression ratio, which is the ratio of volumeswhen piston 138 is at bottom center to top center. In one example, thecompression ratio is in the range of 9:1 to 10:1. However, in someexamples where different fuels are used, the compression ratio may beincreased. This may happen, for example, when higher octane fuels orfuels with higher latent enthalpy of vaporization are used. Thecompression ratio may also be increased if direct injection is used dueto its effect on engine knock.

In some examples, each cylinder of engine 10 may include a spark plug192 for initiating combustion. Ignition system 190 can provide anignition spark to combustion chamber 14 via spark plug 192 in responseto spark advance signal SA from controller 12, under select operatingmodes. However, in some embodiments, spark plug 192 may be omitted, suchas where engine 10 may initiate combustion by auto-ignition or byinjection of fuel as may be the case with some diesel engines.

In some examples, each cylinder of engine 10 may be configured with oneor more fuel injectors for providing fuel thereto. As a non-limitingexample, cylinder 14 is shown including two fuel injectors 166 and 170.Fuel injectors 166 and 170 may be configured to deliver fuel receivedfrom fuel system 8. Fuel system 8 may include one or more fuel tanks,fuel pumps, and fuel rails. Fuel injector 166 is shown coupled directlyto cylinder 14 for injecting fuel directly therein in proportion to thepulse width of signal FPW-1 received from controller 12 via electronicdriver 168. In this manner, fuel injector 166 provides what is known asdirect injection (hereafter referred to as “DI”) of fuel into combustioncylinder 14. While FIG. 1 shows injector 166 positioned to one side ofcylinder 14, it may alternatively be located overhead of the piston,such as near the position of spark plug 192. Such a position may improvemixing and combustion when operating the engine with an alcohol-basedfuel due to the lower volatility of some alcohol-based fuels.Alternatively, the injector may be located overhead and near the intakevalve to improve mixing. Fuel may be delivered to fuel injector 166 fromthe fuel tank of fuel system 8 via a high pressure fuel pump, and a fuelrail. Further, the fuel tank may have a pressure transducer providing asignal to controller 12.

Fuel injector 170 is shown arranged in intake passage 146, rather thanin cylinder 14, in a configuration that provides what is known as portinjection of fuel (hereafter referred to as “PFI”) into the intake portupstream of cylinder 14. Fuel injector 170 may inject fuel, receivedfrom fuel system 8, in proportion to the pulse width of signal FPW-2received from controller 12 via electronic driver 171. Note that asingle driver 168 or 171 may be used for both fuel injection systems, ormultiple drivers, for example driver 168 for fuel injector 166 anddriver 171 for fuel injector 170, may be used, as depicted.

In an alternate example, each of fuel injectors 166 and 170 may beconfigured as direct fuel injectors for injecting fuel directly intocylinder 14. In still another example, each of fuel injectors 166 and170 may be configured as port fuel injectors for injecting fuel upstreamof intake valve 150. In yet other examples, cylinder 14 may include onlya single fuel injector that is configured to receive different fuelsfrom the fuel systems in varying relative amounts as a fuel mixture, andis further configured to inject this fuel mixture either directly intothe cylinder as a direct fuel injector or upstream of the intake valvesas a port fuel injector. As such, it should be appreciated that the fuelsystems described herein should not be limited by the particular fuelinjector configurations described herein by way of example.

Fuel may be delivered by both injectors to the cylinder during a singlecycle of the cylinder. For example, each injector may deliver a portionof a total fuel injection that is combusted in cylinder 14. Further, thedistribution and/or relative amount of fuel delivered from each injectormay vary with operating conditions, such as engine load, knock, andexhaust temperature, such as described herein below. The port injectedfuel may be delivered during an open intake valve event, closed intakevalve event (e.g., substantially before the intake stroke), as well asduring both open and closed intake valve operation. Similarly, directlyinjected fuel may be delivered during an intake stroke, as well aspartly during a previous exhaust stroke, during the intake stroke, andpartly during the compression stroke, for example. As such, even for asingle combustion event, injected fuel may be injected at differenttimings from the port and direct injector. Furthermore, for a singlecombustion event, multiple injections of the delivered fuel may beperformed per cycle. The multiple injections may be performed during thecompression stroke, intake stroke, or any appropriate combinationthereof.

Fuel injectors 166 and 170 may have different characteristics. Theseinclude differences in size, for example, one injector may have a largerinjection hole than the other. Other differences include, but are notlimited to, different spray angles, different operating temperatures,different targeting, different injection timing, different spraycharacteristics, different locations etc. Moreover, depending on thedistribution ratio of injected fuel among injectors 170 and 166,different effects may be achieved.

Fuel tanks in fuel system 8 may hold fuels of different fuel types, suchas fuels with different fuel qualities and different fuel compositions.The differences may include different alcohol content, different watercontent, different octane, different heats of vaporization, differentfuel blends, and/or combinations thereof etc. One example of fuels withdifferent heats of vaporization could include gasoline as a first fueltype with a lower heat of vaporization and ethanol as a second fuel typewith a greater heat of vaporization. In another example, the engine mayuse gasoline as a first fuel type and an alcohol containing fuel blendsuch as E85 (which is approximately 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) or M85(which is approximately 85% methanol and 15% gasoline) as a second fueltype. Other feasible substances include water, methanol, a mixture ofalcohol and water, a mixture of water and methanol, a mixture ofalcohols, etc.

In still another example, both fuels may be alcohol blends with varyingalcohol composition wherein the first fuel type may be a gasolinealcohol blend with a lower concentration of alcohol, such as E10 (whichis approximately 10% ethanol), while the second fuel type may be agasoline alcohol blend with a greater concentration of alcohol, such asE85 (which is approximately 85% ethanol). Additionally, the first andsecond fuels may also differ in other fuel qualities such as adifference in temperature, viscosity, octane number, etc. Moreover, fuelcharacteristics of one or both fuel tanks may vary frequently, forexample, due to day to day variations in tank refilling.

Controller 12 is shown in FIG. 1 as a microcomputer, includingmicroprocessor unit 106, input/output ports 108, an electronic storagemedium for executable programs and calibration values shown asnon-transitory read only memory chip 110 in this particular example forstoring executable instructions, random access memory 112, keep alivememory 114, and a data bus. Controller 12 may receive various signalsfrom sensors coupled to engine 10, in addition to those signalspreviously discussed, including measurement of inducted mass air flow(MAF) from mass air flow sensor 122; engine coolant temperature (ECT)from temperature sensor 116 coupled to cooling sleeve 118; a profileignition pickup signal (PIP) from Hall effect sensor 120 (or other type)coupled to crankshaft 140; throttle position (TP) from a throttleposition sensor; and absolute manifold pressure signal (MAP) from sensor124. Engine speed signal, RPM, may be generated by controller 12 fromsignal PIP. Manifold pressure signal MAP from a manifold pressure sensormay be used to provide an indication of vacuum, or pressure, in theintake manifold. Controller 12 may infer an engine temperature based onan engine coolant temperature. The controller 12 receives signals fromthe various sensors of FIG. 1 and employs the various actuators of FIG.1 to adjust engine operation based on the received signals andinstructions stored on a memory of the controller. For example,adjusting an amount of intake air flowing to the cylinder 14 via intakepassage 146 may include adjusting a position of the throttle 162 (e.g.,an amount of rotation of the throttle plate 164) in order to increase ordecrease airflow from the intake passage 144 to the intake passage 146.

As described above, FIG. 1 shows only one cylinder of a multi-cylinderengine. As such, each cylinder may similarly include its own set ofintake/exhaust valves, fuel injector(s), spark plug, etc. It will beappreciated that engine 10 may include any suitable number of cylinders,including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, or more cylinders. Further, each ofthese cylinders can include some or all of the various componentsdescribed and depicted by FIG. 1 with reference to cylinder 14.

In some examples, vehicle 5 may be a hybrid vehicle with multiplesources of torque available to one or more vehicle wheels 55. In otherexamples, vehicle 5 is a conventional vehicle with only an engine, or anelectric vehicle with only electric machine(s). In the example shown,vehicle 5 includes engine 10 and an electric machine 52. Electricmachine 52 may be a motor or a motor/generator. Crankshaft 140 of engine10 and electric machine 52 are connected via transmission 54 to vehiclewheels 55 when one or more clutches 56 are engaged. In the depictedexample, a first clutch 56 is provided between crankshaft 140 andelectric machine 52, and a second clutch 56 is provided between electricmachine 52 and transmission 54. Controller 12 may send a signal to anactuator of each clutch 56 to engage or disengage the clutch, so as toconnect or disconnect crankshaft 140 from electric machine 52 and thecomponents connected thereto, and/or connect or disconnect electricmachine 52 from transmission 54 and the components connected thereto.Transmission 54 may be a gearbox, a planetary gear system, or anothertype of transmission. The powertrain may be configured in variousmanners including as a parallel, a series, or a series-parallel hybridvehicle.

Electric machine 52 receives electrical power from a traction battery 58to provide torque to vehicle wheels 55. Electric machine 52 may also beoperated as a generator to provide electrical power to charge battery58, for example during a braking operation. One or more components ofthe hybrid vehicle may include housings adapted to receive fasteners,similar to the housings 182 adapted to receive fasteners 181 asdescribed above. Example of housings similar to the housings 182 aredescribed below with reference to FIGS. 2A-2B.

FIG. 2A shows a front perspective view of a housing 200 for a fastener,similar to the housings 182 described above with reference to FIG. 1,and FIG. 2B shows a side view of the housing 200. In some examples, thehousing 200 is adapted to receive a fastener (e.g., a bolt) and does nothouse any other components. The housing 200 may be referred to herein asa housing for only a fastener. FIGS. 3A-4C show the housing 200 invarious coupled (e.g., embedded) and decoupled (e.g., not embedded)configurations relative to a vehicle component (e.g., intake passage 143described above with reference to FIG. 1). Reference axes 299 areincluded by each of FIGS. 2A-4C for comparison of the views shown.

The housing 200 includes a first opening 207 (which may be referred toherein as an aperture) adapted to receive a fastener (e.g., a bolt). Thefastener may be inserted through the first opening 207 into a centralconduit 260 of the housing 200. In some examples, the central conduit260 may include threaded surfaces shaped to engage with counterpartthreaded surfaces of the fastener. In other examples, the fastenerand/or central conduit 260 may not be threaded.

The central conduit 260 is formed by inner walls 202 of the housing 200and extends in a direction of a central axis 208 of the housing 200through the housing 200. In one example, the fastener may be insertedinto the central conduit 260 in an axial direction 228 parallel to thecentral axis 208. The central conduit 260 extends from a first end 232of the housing 200 to a second end 234 of the housing 200 (e.g., fromthe first opening 207 positioned at the first end 232 to a secondopening 230 positioned at the second end 234). The fastener may beinserted into the central conduit 260 into the first opening 207 at thefirst end 232. In some examples, the central conduit 260 may be closedat the second end 234 and open at the first end 232 (e.g., to receivethe fastener)During conditions in which the housing 200 is embeddedwithin a first vehicle component (e.g., the intake passage 143 shown byFIG. 1), a second vehicle component may be coupled to the first vehiclecomponent by inserting the fastener through an aperture of the secondvehicle component and into the central conduit 260 of the housing 200via the first opening 207. An example of a first vehicle componentcoupled to a second vehicle component via a housing for a fastener(e.g., similar to the housing 200) is shown by FIG. 5 and describedfurther below.

The housing 200 includes a first key 206 and an opposing, second key214. The first key 206 is positioned opposite to the second key 214across the central axis 208 of the housing 200. In one example, thefirst key 206 may be positioned 180 degrees from the second key 214 in adirection around the central axis 208. The first key 206 and the secondkey 214 are each formed by an outer surface 204 of the housing 200 andextend in a radial direction of the housing 200. For example, the firstkey 206 and the second key 214 each extend radially relative to thecentral axis 208 and outward from the outer surface 204 (e.g., with thefirst key 206 extending radially in a first direction 390, and with thesecond key 214 extending radially in an opposite, second direction 392).The first key 206 and second key 214 may each be referred to herein asradial keys. During conditions in which the housing 200 is inserted intothe vehicle component (e.g., inserted into a passage of the vehiclecomponent, as described below with reference to FIGS. 3A-4C), the firstkey 206 and the second key 214 each press against an exterior surface ofthe vehicle component to cut (e.g., carve) channels within the interior(e.g., interior wall) of the vehicle component.

In some examples, the first key 206 and second key 214 may each beincluded within a plurality of similar keys formed by the housing 200.For example, the housing 200 may include a different number of keyssimilar to the first key 206 and second key 214 relative to the examplesshown by FIGS. 2A-4C, such as three keys, four keys, etc. In someexamples, the plurality of keys may be positioned symmetrically aroundthe outer surface 204 of the housing 200 relative to the central axis208, and an amount of angle between adjacent keys may be a same amount(e.g., an angle of 360/n degrees, where n is the number of keys withinthe plurality of keys). For example, the housing 200 may include fourkeys similar to the first key 206 and second key 214, with each of thefour keys being positioned away from each adjacent key by an angle of 90degrees around the central axis 208. In other examples, one or more ofthe keys may be positioned asymmetrically relative to each other key(e.g., with an angle of 45 degrees between a first pair of adjacentkeys, and an angle of 105 degrees between each other pair of adjacentkeys). In yet further examples, one or more of the keys may bepositioned at a different axial location along the outer surface 204(e.g., with the first key 206 being positioned at the second end 234 ofthe housing 200, and with the second key 214 being positioned betweenthe first key 206 and the first end 232 in the axial direction 228). Ineach example, each key of the plurality of keys is not joined to eachadjacent key of the plurality of keys (e.g., each key is not joined orcoupled to each other key by any surface of the housing 200 other thanthe outer surface 204).

In the example shown by FIGS. 2A-2B, the housing 200 includes a flange235 positioned at the first end 232. The flange 235 extends radiallyrelative to the central axis 208 and encircles the first opening 207.The flange 235 includes an outer, first planar surface 222 positionedparallel to an outer, second planar surface 223. The first planarsurface 222 and second planar surface 223 may each be substantially flatsurfaces (e.g., without curvature in a direction of the x-axis ofreference axes 299). The first planar surface 222 is separated from thesecond planar surface 223 by a first slot 210 and a second slot 212. Thefirst slot 210 and the second slot 212 are each depressions formed inthe flange 235 at a center of the flange 235 and may be referred toherein as grooves. The first slot 210 and the second slot 212 eachextend radially outward relative to the central axis 208 and are shapedto engage with a rotatable drive tool (e.g., an arm of an assemblydevice). The rotatable drive tool may rotate against the first slot 210and the second slot 212 (e.g., apply a torque to sidewalls 216 of thefirst slot 210 and sidewalls 220 of the second slot 212) in order torotate the housing 200.

First planar surface 222 and second planar surface 223 each encircle thefirst opening 207. In the example shown by FIGS. 2A-2B, the first planarsurface 222 tapers to the first opening 207 via a first tapered surface218, and the second planar surface 223 tapers to the first opening 207via a second tapered surface 224. In other examples, the first planarsurface 222 and/or second planar surface 223 may not taper to the firstopening 207 (e.g., the first planar surface 222 and/or second planarsurface 223 may be joined to the first opening 207 via one or moresurfaces arranged perpendicular to the first planar surface 222 andsecond planar surface 223). The first tapered surface 218 tapers inwardto the first opening 207 from the first planar surface 222 and thesecond tapered surface 224 tapers inward to the second planar surface223. The first slot 210 is formed partially by the sidewalls 216 of thefirst planar surface 222 and the second planar surface 223, and thesecond slot 212 is formed partially by the sidewalls 220 of the firstplanar surface 222 and the second planar surface 223. Sidewalls 216 andsidewalls 220 each extend in a direction of the x-axis and the z-axis ofthe reference axes 299 (e.g., outward relative to the central axis 208).

An outer circumferential surface 236 of the flange 235 encircles thefirst opening 207 and the central conduit 260. A diameter 270 of theouter circumferential surface 236 is greater than a diameter 272 of thecentral conduit 260 (shown by FIG. 2A) and a diameter 274 of the outersurface 204 (shown by FIG. 2B). During conditions in which the housing200 is coupled to the vehicle component, the outer circumferentialsurface 236 encircles a passage of the vehicle component (e.g., apassage into which the housing 200 is inserted). The first planarsurface 222 and second planar surface 223 may be positioned parallel tothe exterior surface of the vehicle component (e.g., exterior surface310 shown by FIGS. 3A-4C) and engaged in face-sharing contact with theexterior surface. An opening of the passage through which the housing200 is inserted may be covered (e.g., blocked) by the flange 235 (e.g.,by first planar surface 222 and second planar surface 223), with thecentral conduit 260 of the housing 200 extending into the passage. Inthe example shown by FIGS. 2A-2B, outer circumferential surface 236 andouter surface 204 of the housing 200 each have an approximatelycylindrical shape (e.g., a circular cross-section in a plane of they-axis and z-axis of reference axes 299). In other examples, the outercircumferential surface 236 and/or outer surface 204 of the housing 200may have a different shape (e.g., a differently shaped cross-section inthe plane of the y-axis and z-axis, such as a hexagonal shape,rectangular shape, etc.).

The first key 206 and the second key 214 each include planar surfacesradially relative to the central axis 208 and outward from the outersurface 204 of the housing 200 (e.g., outward from the central axis208). For example, the first key 206 includes a first planar key surface280 and a second planar key surface 282, with the first planar keysurface 280 and the second planar key surface 282 being parallel to eachother. The first planar key surface 280 and the second planar keysurface 282 are joined together by an end surface 284. In the exampleshown by FIGS. 2A-2B, the end surface 284 is a flat, planar surface(e.g., without curvature). In other examples, the end surface 284 may becurved (e.g., end surface 284 may have a curvature in a direction towardor away from the central axis 208). In some examples, the first key 206and second key 214 each extend radially further than the flange 235 fromthe outer surface 204 of the housing 200 (e.g., extend radially relativeto the central axis 208 past the outer circumferential surface 236 ofthe flange 235).

The first key 206 additionally includes a first side surface 281positioned parallel to a second side surface 283, with the first sidesurface 281 and the second side surface 283 each extending in aperpendicular direction relative to the end surface 284, first planarkey surface 280, and second planar key surface 282. In the example shownby FIGS. 2A-2B, the first side surface 281 and second side surface 283are flat, planar surfaces (e.g., without curvature). In other examples,the first side surface 281 and/or second side surface 283 may be shapeddifferently (e.g., may be curved in the circumferential direction). Insome examples, a width 285 of each of the first planar key surface 280and the second planar key surface 282 in the circumferential direction226 may be greater than a length 286 of the first key 206 in the axialdirection 228 (e.g., length 286 of the first side surface 281 and secondside surface 283). However, each of the first key 206 and second key 214do not extend along an entire perimeter of the outer surface 204.Specifically, in the example shown by FIGS. 2A-2B, the length 286 of thefirst side surface 281 and second side surface 283 is less than one-halfan entire length of the outer surface 204 in the circumferentialdirection 226 around the central axis 208. Similarly, in other examplesin which the housing 200 includes a different number of keys similar tothe first key 206 and second key 214, each of the keys does not extendalong the entire perimeter of the outer surface 204 (e.g., the length286 is less than [π*D]/n, where n is the total number of keys of thehousing, π is the mathematical constant approximated as 3.14, and D isthe diameter 274 of the outer surface 204). In one example, the housing200 may include four keys similar to the first key 206 and second key214, and the length 286 of the first side surface 281 and second sidesurface 283 is less than one-fourth of the entire length of the outersurface 204 in the circumferential direction.

Although the first key 206 is described above as one example, each keyof the housing 200 may include a similar configuration of surfaces(e.g., surfaces similar to the end surface 284, first planar key surface280, second planar key surface 282, first side surface 281, and secondside surface 283, in a similar relative arrangement). For example,second key 214 may include a similar configuration relative to the firstkey 206.

During conditions in which the housing 200 is rotated against theinterior of the vehicle component (as described below with reference toFIGS. 3C-3D and FIG. 4C), the surfaces of the keys of the housing 200(e.g., first key 206 and second key 214) press against surfaces of theinterior of the vehicle component and depress the surfaces of theinterior in the direction of the rotation (e.g., cut into the interiorof the vehicle component). As described further below, the first planarkey surface 280 and the second planar key surface 282 engage with theinterior of the vehicle component in order to lock the housing 200 intothe interior after the housing 200 has been rotated to depress thesurfaces of the interior.

FIGS. 3A-3D each show a side cross-sectional view of the housing 200 ofFIGS. 2A-2B relative to a passage 313 of a vehicle component (e.g., apassage formed within an exterior surface of the intake passage 143shown by FIG. 1 and described above). FIG. 3A shows a sidecross-sectional view of the housing 200 and passage 313 with the housing200 decoupled from the passage 313 (e.g., prior to insertion of thehousing 200 into the passage 313). FIG. 3B shows a side cross-sectionalview of the housing 200 inserted into the passage 313, with the keys ofthe housing 200 (e.g., first key 206 and second key 214) cutting (e.g.,carving) channels into an interior 327 (which may be referred to hereinas an interior wall) of the vehicle component (as described in furtherdetail below). FIG. 3C shows a side cross-sectional view of the housing200 and indicates a rotation direction of the housing 200 within thepassage 313 of the vehicle component. FIG. 3D shows an alternate sidecross-sectional view of the housing 200 after the housing 200 has beenrotated within the passage 313.

Turning first to FIG. 3A, the housing 200 is shown decoupled from thevehicle component 312. In one example, the vehicle component 312 may bean intake passage (e.g., intake line), such as the intake passage 143shown by FIG. 1 and described above. In other examples, the vehiclecomponent 312 may be a different type of component of a vehicle, such asa fuel tank, a compressor, an engine cover, etc. The vehicle component312 includes a passage 313 having an inner surface 316 and an opening314. The opening 314 is encircled by an outer surface 310, which may bereferred to herein as an exterior surface of the vehicle component 312.In the example showing by FIGS. 3A-4C, the exterior surface 310 is aplanar surface. In other examples, the exterior surface 310 may be acurved surface or may include a surface treatment (e.g., knurling). Aninner diameter 323 of the passage 313 may be less than an outer diameter325 of the outer surface 204 of the housing 200. During conditions inwhich the housing 200 is inserted into the passage 313, the outersurface 204 of the housing 200 may press against the inner surface 316of the passage 313 and may increase (e.g., expand) the inner diameter323 of the passage to approximately a same amount as the outer diameter325, as shown by FIG. 3D.

In order to embed the housing 200 within the vehicle component 312, thehousing 200 is inserted into the passage 313 in the axial direction 228parallel to the central axis 208. Specifically the second end 234 of thehousing 200 is pressed against the exterior surface 310 of the vehiclecomponent 312 in order to press the housing 200 into the passage 313. Asthe housing 200 is pressed against the exterior surface 310 of thevehicle component 312, the first key 206 and the second key 214 pressagainst the exterior surface 310 and depress the exterior surface 310into an interior 327 of the vehicle component 312. The first key 206presses against the exterior surface 310 in the axial direction 228 inorder to form a first section 300 of a first channel 371, and the secondkey 214 presses against the exterior surface 310 in the axial direction228 in order to form a first section 302 of a second channel 373, asshown by FIGS. 3A-3C and FIGS. 4B-4C. The first section 300 of the firstchannel 371 may extend in the axial direction 228 of the housing 200(e.g., into the vehicle component 312 from the exterior surface 310 ofthe vehicle component 312) and not in the circumferential direction 226of the housing 200. Similarly, the first section 302 of the secondchannel 373 may extend in the axial direction 228 of the housing 200(e.g., into the vehicle component 312 from the exterior surface 310 ofthe vehicle component 312) and not in the circumferential direction 226of the housing 200.

During conditions in which the housing 200 is rotated within the vehiclecomponent 312 after being embedded within the vehicle component 312 inthe axial direction 228 (as shown by FIG. 3D and FIG. 4C), the first key206 presses against the interior 327 in the circumferential direction226 to form a second section 308 of the first channel 371, and thesecond key 214 presses against the interior 327 in the circumferentialdirection 226 to form a second section 306 of the second channel 373.The second section 308 of the first channel 371 extends in thecircumferential direction 226 and not the axial direction 228, and isjoined with the first section 300 of the first channel 371 at an end 380of the first section 300 opposite to the exterior surface 310 in theaxial direction 228. The second section 306 of the second channel 373extends in the circumferential direction 226 and not the axial direction228, and is joined with the first section 302 of the second channel 373at an end 382 of the first section 302 opposite to the exterior surface310 in the axial direction 228. In some examples, the first channel 371may include only the first section 300 and the second section 308, andthe second channel 373 includes only the first section 302 and thesecond section 306. In examples in which the housing 200 includesadditional keys similar to the first key 206 and second key 214 (asdescribed above), each key may form a channel having only an axial,first section joined to a circumferential, second section, similar tothe first section 300 and second section 308 described above, with eachchannel formed by each key being separate from each other channel. Inone example, the housing 200 includes only the first key 206 and thesecond key 214, the first key 206 being positioned 180 degrees from thesecond key 214 in the circumferential direction 226 around the centralaxis 208, and the housing 200 is rotated within the vehicle component312 by an amount less than 180 degrees. In another example, the housing200 includes four keys similar to the first key 206 and the second key214, with each key being positioned away from each adjacent key by anangle of 45 degrees around the central axis 208, and the housing 200 isrotated within the vehicle component 312 by an amount less than 45degrees.

In some examples, the housing 200, first key 206, and/or second key 214may be heated above a threshold temperature prior to the housing 200being inserted into the passage 313. For example, the thresholdtemperature may be a melting temperature of the vehicle component, and atemperature of the housing may be increased above the meltingtemperature of the vehicle component before the housing 200 is pressedagainst the exterior surface 310 (e.g., the temperature of the housing200 is maintained above the melting temperature of the vehicle component312 as the housing is pressed against the exterior surface 310). Firstkey 206 and the second key 214 may melt a material of the interior 327in order to form the first channel 371 and second channel 373,respectively. In one example, the vehicle component 312 (and theinterior 327) may be formed from a polymer material, such as athermoplastic, and the housing 200 may be formed from a metal material,such as steel. A melting temperature of the housing 200 may be greaterthan the melting temperature of the vehicle component 312.

In another example, the first key 206 and/or the second key 214 mayinclude one or more features configured to enable the first key 206and/or second key 214 to more easily cut into the interior 327 of thevehicle component 312. For example, the first planar key surface 280 andsecond planar key surface 282 of the first key 206 may be joined to oneor more surfaces tapered increase a sharpness of the first key 206. Inone example, one or each of the first side surface 281 and second sidesurface 283 (shown by FIGS. 2A-2B and described above) may be a curvedsurface tapered in the circumferential direction 226 (shown by FIGS.2A-2B) in order to increase a cutting ability of the first key 206 inthe circumferential direction 226. In another example, one or more ofthe end surface 284, first planar key surface 280, and/or second planarkey surface 282 may be shaped (e.g., tapered) to increase a cuttingability of the first key 206 in the axial direction 228. Although thefirst key 206 is described herein as an example, one or more other keysof the housing 200 (e.g., second key 214) may include a similarconfiguration (e.g., a similar relative arrangement of taperedsurfaces).

After the housing 200 has been embedded within the passage 313 in theaxial direction 228 (as shown by FIG. 3B), the housing 200 is rotatedwithin the passage 313 in order to embed the first key 206 and secondkey 214 into the interior 327 in the circumferential direction 226.Specifically, as described above, the housing 200 is first inserted intothe passage 313 in the axial direction 228 as the first key 206 andsecond key 214 each press against the exterior surface 310 of thevehicle component 312 to form the first channel 371 and second channel373, respectively. The housing 200 is then rotated within the passage313, without moving the housing 200 in the axial direction 228, in orderto press the first key 206 and second key 214 against the interior 327(e.g., interior surfaces) of the vehicle component in thecircumferential direction 226. Rotating the housing 200 as describedabove results in the first key 206 cutting the second section 308 of thefirst channel 371 into the interior 327 as the second key 214 cuts thesecond section 306 of the second channel 373 into the interior 327.

FIG. 3C shows a first position of the first key 206 in solid lines(e.g., prior to rotation of the housing 200), with a resulting, secondposition 304 of the first key 206 shown in dotted lines (e.g., afterrotation of the housing 200 as described above). In other words, thehousing 200 is rotated in the circumferential direction 226 around thecentral axis 208 (e.g., around the x-axis of reference axes 299), withthe first key 206 moving from the first position toward the secondposition 304 due to the rotation.

To illustrate further, FIGS. 4A-4C each show a front view of the housing200 and vehicle component 312. Specifically, FIG. 4A shows a front viewof the housing 200 and vehicle component 312 with the housing 200decoupled from the vehicle component 312 (e.g., prior to inserting thehousing 200 into the vehicle component 312, similar to the conditionsshown by FIG. 3A), FIG. 4B shows a front view of the housing 200inserted into the vehicle component 312 (e.g., similar to the conditionsshown by FIG. 3B and described above), and FIG. 4C shows a front view ofthe housing 200 rotated within the vehicle component 312 (e.g., similarto the conditions shown by FIG. 3D). FIG. 4B shows the first key 206 inthe first position described above with reference to FIG. 3C, and FIG.4C shows the first key 206 in the second position 304 described abovewith reference to FIG. 3C. In one example, the amount of rotation of thehousing 200 may be less than 360/n degrees, where n is the total numberof keys of the housing 200 (e.g., keys similar to the first key 206 andsecond key 214). Said another way, the second section 308 of the firstchannel 371 and the second section 306 of the second channel 373 are notjoined with each other around the passage 313.

As shown by the rotated view of FIG. 3D (e.g., rotated relative to theview shown by FIG. 3C), after the housing 200 has been rotated withinthe passage 313 of the vehicle component 312 as described above, thefirst key 206 and second key 214 are locked into position by theinterior 327 of the vehicle component 312 (e.g., the first key 206 andsecond key 214 are unable to move in directions parallel to the centralaxis 208, such as the axial direction 228, after rotation of the housing200 within the vehicle component 312). Additionally, during conditionsin which the housing 200 is heated to a temperature above the meltingtemperature of the vehicle component 312 prior to insertion of thehousing 200 into the vehicle component 312 (as described above), thematerial of the interior 327 may fuse to the first key 206 and secondkey 214 after rotation of the housing 200 within the passage 313 inorder to further lock the housing 200 to the vehicle component 312. Forexample, the melted material of the interior 327 may flow into a portionof the second section of each channel (e.g., second section 308 andsecond section 306) after rotation of the housing 200 within the vehiclecomponent 312 and may lock the housing 200 from rotating further (e.g.,block the housing 200 from rotating in an opposite direction around thecentral axis 208 relative to the direction in which the housing 200 wasrotated to form the second section 308 and second section 306). In thisway, the housing 200 is embedded within the vehicle component 312 andprovides reinforcement to the vehicle component 312. For example, asshown by FIG. 5 and described in further detail below, the housing 200may provide reinforcement for coupling the vehicle component 312 toother components via fasteners.

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a vehicle component 550 of a vehicle(e.g., similar to intake passage 143 of vehicle 5 described above withreference to FIG. 1, and vehicle component 312 described above withreference to FIGS. 3A-4C). Several of the components shown by FIG. 5 aresimilar to those described above with reference to FIGS. 1-4C. Forexample, FIG. 5 shows a plurality of housings 500, similar to thehousing 200 shown by FIGS. 2A-4C and described above. The housings 500are each adapted to receive a fastener 524 (e.g., similar to thefastener 181 shown by FIG. 1 and described above) and are embeddedwithin the vehicle component 550. Specifically, each housing 500 isinserted into a corresponding passage 521 of the vehicle component 550in an axial direction 526 of the housing 500 (e.g., similar to thepassage 313 and axial direction 228 described above), with thecorresponding passage 521 being formed by an interior 529 of the vehiclecomponent 550 (e.g., a solid, continuous section of the vehiclecomponent 550 that does not contain spaces or gaps and is not hollow).The passages 521 each include an inner surface 520 (e.g., similar to theinner surface 316). The interior 529 may be referred to herein as aninterior wall.

Each housing 500 includes a flange 523 having a first slot 508 and asecond slot 510 (e.g., similar to the flange 235, first slot 210, andsecond slot 212, respectively), a central conduit 532 extending throughthe housing 500 along a central axis 522 of the housing 500 from a firstopening 502 to a second opening 518 (e.g., similar to central conduit260, central axis 208, first opening 207, and second opening 230,respectively), and a first key 514 and a second key 516 (e.g., similarto first key 206 and second key 214, respectively).

Similar to the embedding of the housing 200 into the vehicle component312 as described above, each housing 500 is first inserted into thevehicle component 550 in the axial direction 526. As each housing 500 isinserted into the vehicle component 550 in the axial direction 526, thefirst key 514 and second key 516 each cut into the vehicle component 550in the axial direction 526, as shown by a first section 504 of a firstchannel cut by the first key 514 (e.g., similar to first section 300 offirst channel 371 described above) and a first section 506 of a secondchannel cut by the second key 516 (e.g., similar to first section 302 ofsecond channel 373 described above).

For each housing 500, after the housing 500 has been inserted into thevehicle component 550 as described above, the housing 500 is rotated ina circumferential direction 540 (e.g., similar to circumferentialdirection 226) within the vehicle component 550 in order to lock thehousing 500 to the vehicle component 550. Specifically, as the housing500 is rotated within the vehicle component 550, the first key 514 andsecond key 516 each cut into the vehicle component in thecircumferential direction 226. First key 514 cuts a second section 512of the first channel into the vehicle component 550 (e.g., similar tosecond section 308 of the first channel 371 described above), and secondkey 516 cuts a second section of the second channel into the vehiclecomponent 550 (e.g., similar to the second section 306 of the secondchannel 373 described above). Cutting the channels into the vehiclecomponent 550 in this way forms an undercut within the vehicle component550 that locks each housing 500 within the vehicle component 550 (e.g.,prevents each housing 500 from being moved within the vehicle component550 and from being removed from the vehicle component 550).

FIG. 5 additionally shows a portion of a different, second vehiclecomponent 528 (similar to the intake passage 142 shown by FIG. 1 anddescribed above, in one example) in order to illustrate the secondvehicle component 528 being coupled to the vehicle component 550 via thefastener 524 inserted into the housing 500. In the example shown by FIG.5, the second vehicle component 528 includes an opening 530 shaped toreceive the fastener 524. In order to couple the second vehiclecomponent 528 to the vehicle component 550, the opening 530 of thesecond vehicle component 528 is aligned with the first opening 502 ofthe housing 500, and the fastener 524 is inserted through the opening530, into the first opening 502, and into the central conduit 532 of thehousing 500. In this configuration, the second vehicle component 528 ispositioned between a head 527 of the fastener 524 and the housing 500,and is secured to the vehicle component 550 via engagement of thefastener 524 with the housing 500. In some examples, the fastener 524may include a threaded outer surface shaped to engage with a counterpartthreaded surface of the central conduit 532 (e.g., similar to theexamples described above with reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A-2B).

By embedding the housing 500 within the vehicle component 550 andcoupling the second vehicle component 528 to the vehicle component 550via the fastener 524 inserted through both of the opening 530 of thesecond vehicle component 528 and the first opening 502 of the housing500, a sturdiness of a coupling interface between the vehicle component550 and the second vehicle component 528 may be increased. For example,by embedding the housing 500 within the vehicle component 550, thevehicle component 550 is reinforced, and the second vehicle component528 may be coupled to the vehicle component 550 via the fastener 524 andhousing 500 with an increased likelihood that a position of the secondvehicle component 528 relative to the vehicle component 550 ismaintained.

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 600 for coupling ahousing for a fastener to a vehicle component. The housing may besimilar to the housings described above (e.g., housing 182 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1, the housing 200 described above withreference to FIGS. 2A-4C, and/or housing 500 described above withreference to FIG. 5). The vehicle component may be similar to thevehicle components described above (e.g., intake passage 143 describedabove with reference to FIG. 1, vehicle component 312 described abovewith reference to FIGS. 3A-4C, and/or vehicle component 550 describedabove with reference to FIG. 5). The fastener may be similar to thefasteners described above (e.g., fastener 181 described above withreference to FIG. 1, and/or fastener 524 described above with referenceto FIG. 5). Instructions for carrying out method 600 and the rest of themethods included herein may be executed by a controller (e.g., anelectronic controller of an assembly device of the vehicle componentand/or housing) based on instructions stored on a memory of thecontroller.

At 602, the method optionally includes increasing a temperature of ahousing for a fastener above a threshold temperature. In one example,the threshold temperature may be a melting temperature of the vehiclecomponent. For example, the vehicle component may be formed of a polymermaterial (e.g., glass-filled nylon, such as 30% glass-fiber reinforcedpolycaprolactam) having a melting temperature of 550 Kelvin, and at 602,the housing may be heated to a temperature above 550 Kelvin.

The method at 604 includes inserting the housing into a passageextending through the vehicle component. For example, the housing may beinserted into the passage in an axial direction of the housing (e.g.,similar to axial direction 228 and axial direction 526) by pressing thehousing into an opening of the passage (e.g., opening 314 shown by FIGS.3A-3C). The opening may have an inner diameter that is smaller than adiameter of an outer surface of the housing (e.g., similar to theexamples described above with reference to inner diameter 323 of thepassage 313 and outer diameter 325 of the outer surface 204). As thehousing is inserted (e.g., driven) into the passage as described above,the housing may expand the passage (e.g., increase the diameter of thepassage). The outer surface of the housing may press against an innersurface of the passage and may deform the inner surface, expanding thepassage.

The method continues from 604 to 606 where the method includes cutting afirst section of a channel into the vehicle component in an axialdirection of the housing with a key of the housing. In one example, thekey may be similar to the first key 206 described above with referenceto FIGS. 2A-4C, or the first key 514 described above with reference toFIG. 5, and the first section of the channel may be similar to the firstsection 300 of a first channel 371 described above with reference toFIGS. 3A-4C, or the first section 504 of the first channel describedabove with reference to FIG. 5. In another example, the key may besimilar to the second key 214 described above with reference to FIGS.2A-4C, or the second key 516 described above with reference to FIG. 5,and the first section of the channel may be similar to the first section302 of second channel 373 described above with reference to FIGS. 3A-4C,or the first section 506 of the second channel described above withreference to FIG. 5.

In some examples, as the first section is cut into the vehiclecomponent, the housing is not rotated within the vehicle component. Forexample, the first section may be cut into the vehicle component by thekey of the housing by moving the key against the vehicle component inthe axial direction and not in the circumferential direction. Saidanother way, the housing may not be rotated as the first section is cutinto the vehicle component. Cutting the first section into the vehiclecomponent may include pressing the key of the housing against anexterior surface of the vehicle component to depress the exteriorsurface by a first length in the axial direction, with the exteriorsurface being a surface of the vehicle component that forms the openingof the passage of the vehicle component (e.g., the passage into whichthe housing is inserted). In one example, the first length may be alength from a first opening (which may be referred to herein as anaperture) of the housing to a second opening of the housing in the axialdirection (e.g., first opening 207 and second opening 230 shown by FIG.2A and described above).

If a temperature of the housing was increased above the thresholdtemperature at 602, the key of the housing may form the first section ofthe channel within an interior of the vehicle component (e.g., similarto interior 327 shown by FIGS. 3A-3D, and interior 529 shown by FIG. 5)and adjacent to the passage by melting the interior. For example, byincreasing the temperature of the housing above the thresholdtemperature, a temperature of the key is also increased above thethreshold temperature. The key may be pressed against the interior andmay heat the interior, softening (e.g., melting) the interior toincrease an ease with which the key may cut into the interior to formthe first section of the channel (e.g., reducing an amount of pressingforce applied to the key in order to cut the first section).Additionally, by heating the interior of the vehicle component with thekey of the housing, the interior of the vehicle component may partiallyfuse to the key of the housing, preventing the key and housing frommoving in a direction opposite to the axial direction (e.g., thedirection in which the housing was inserted into the vehicle component)and away from the vehicle component so that the housing is not removedfrom the vehicle component after cutting the first section. In otherexamples in which the housing is not heated above the thresholdtemperature, the pressing of the outer surface of the housing againstthe inner surface of the passage to expand the passage (as describedabove at 604) may increase a friction between the housing and theinterior of the vehicle component, preventing the housing from beingremoved from the vehicle component after cutting the first section.

The method continues from 606 to 608 where the method includes closingthe opening of the passage with a flange of the housing, the flangeforming the aperture of a central conduit of the housing. For example,the central conduit may be similar to the central conduit 260 shown byFIG. 2A, and the central conduit 532 shown by FIG. 5. The centralconduit is adapted to receive the fastener via the aperture (e.g., inorder to couple a second vehicle component, such as second vehiclecomponent 528 partially shown by FIG. 5, to the vehicle component havingthe housing embedded therein). As described above, the aperture may besimilar to the first opening 207 shown by FIG. 2A and FIGS. 3A-4C.

The method continues from 608 to 610 where the method includes lockingthe housing to the vehicle component by rotating the housing within thepassage. For example, as described above, locking the housing to thevehicle component may include cutting a second section of the channelinto the vehicle component with the key in a circumferential directionof the housing (e.g., by rotating the housing in the circumferentialdirection, as described above). In some examples, locking the housing tothe vehicle component includes not moving the housing in the axialdirection. For example, at 610, the housing may be rotated in thecircumferential direction and may not be moved in the axial direction(or in a direction that is not the circumferential direction). Thehousing may be rotated by an amount such that the second section is cutinto the vehicle component and the second section does not encircle anentire perimeter of the outer surface of the housing in thecircumferential direction. For example, as described above withreference to FIGS. 3A-4C, the amount of rotation of the housing in thecircumferential direction may be less than 360/n degrees, where n is thetotal number of keys of the housing. The second section is joined withthe first section at an end of the first section opposite to theexterior surface of the vehicle component in the axial direction. Saidanother way, the first section extends from the exterior surface intothe interior of the vehicle component, and is joined with the secondsection within the interior.

By moving the housing as described above, the channel includes only thefirst section formed by pressing the key against the interior in theaxial direction of the housing and not in the circumferential directionof the housing (as described above at 606), and the second sectionformed by pressing the key against the interior in the circumferentialdirection and not in the axial direction. The second section may bejoined only with the first section, the channel is not joined to anyother channels. For example, the channel may be one of a plurality ofchannels cut into the vehicle component by the housing (e.g., via firstkey 206, second key 214, and/or a plurality of additional, similarkeys), and each channel cut into the vehicle component (e.g., firstchannel 371 formed by first key 206) is not joined to any other channelscut into the vehicle component (e.g., second channel 373 formed bysecond key 214). The first and second sections of the channel are eachsealed from the passage by the outer surface of the housing. In examplesin which the temperature of the housing is increased above the thresholdtemperature (e.g., as described at 602), the inner surface of thepassage of the vehicle component may partially fuse to the outer surfaceof the housing to seal the channel from the passage. In examples inwhich the housing is not heated above the threshold temperature, a gapbetween the outer surface of the housing and the inner surface of thepassage may be insufficient for fluids (e.g., air, water, etc.) to flowthrough, effectively sealing the channel from the passage (e.g., sealingthe channel so that fluids and/or particles may not flow from thepassage to the channel, or vice versa).

The key may be positioned at an end of the second section after cuttingthe second section (e.g., the end of the second section positioned awayfrom the first section in the circumferential direction), and aftercutting the second section into the vehicle component, the key is notmovable in the axial direction. Specifically, the key may not be moved(e.g., removed) from the end of the second section after cutting thesecond section, thereby locking the key to the second section (andlocking the housing to the vehicle component).

FIGS. 2A-5 show example configurations with relative positioning of thevarious components. If shown directly contacting each other, or directlycoupled, then such elements may be referred to as directly contacting ordirectly coupled, respectively, at least in one example. Similarly,elements shown contiguous or adjacent to one another may be contiguousor adjacent to each other, respectively, at least in one example. As anexample, components laying in face- sharing contact with each other maybe referred to as in face-sharing contact. As another example, elementspositioned apart from each other with only a space there-between and noother components may be referred to as such, in at least one example. Asyet another example, elements shown above/below one another, at oppositesides to one another, or to the left/right of one another may bereferred to as such, relative to one another. Further, as shown in thefigures, a topmost element or point of element may be referred to as a“top” of the component and a bottommost element or point of the elementmay be referred to as a “bottom” of the component, in at least oneexample. As used herein, top/bottom, upper/lower, above/below, may berelative to a vertical axis of the figures and used to describepositioning of elements of the figures relative to one another. As such,elements shown above other elements are positioned vertically above theother elements, in one example. As yet another example, shapes of theelements depicted within the figures may be referred to as having thoseshapes (e.g., such as being circular, straight, planar, curved, rounded,chamfered, angled, or the like). Further, elements shown intersectingone another may be referred to as intersecting elements or intersectingone another, in at least one example. Further still, an element shownwithin another element or shown outside of another element may bereferred as such, in one example.

In this way, the keys of the housing cut channels into the vehiclecomponent and retains the position of the housing within the vehiclecomponent. Cutting the channels into the vehicle component as describedabove forms an undercut within the vehicle component that locks thehousing to the vehicle component and prevents the housing from beingmoved within the vehicle component, and decreases a likelihood that thehousing will be decoupled from the vehicle component. The housing mayincrease a load-bearing quality of the vehicle component by providingreinforcement to the vehicle component, enabling a position of thevehicle component to be maintained (e.g., relative to the vehicle orother vehicle components). Additionally, the keys of the housing mayreduce a likelihood of the housing from being decoupled from the vehiclecomponent. The technical effect of cutting the channels into the vehiclecomponent with the keys of the housing is to embed the housing withinthe vehicle component, to secure the housing from moving relative to thevehicle component, and to provide reinforcement to the vehicle componentfor coupling the vehicle component to other components of the vehicle.

In one embodiment, a method comprises: inserting a housing for afastener into a passage extending into a vehicle component while cuttinga first section of a channel into the vehicle component in an axialdirection of the housing with a key of the housing, the key extendingradially outward from an outer surface of the housing; then, locking thehousing to the vehicle component by rotating the housing within thepassage. In a first example of the method, the housing is not rotated asthe first section is cut into the vehicle component, and the housing isnot removed from the vehicle component after cutting the first sectionand before locking the housing to the vehicle component. A secondexample of the method optionally includes the first example, and furtherincludes wherein locking the housing to the vehicle component includesnot moving the housing in the axial direction. A third example of themethod optionally includes one or both of the first and second examples,and further includes wherein locking the housing to the vehiclecomponent includes cutting a second section of the channel into thevehicle component with the key in a circumferential direction of thehousing and positioning the key at an end of the second section. Afourth example of the method optionally includes one or more or each ofthe first through third examples, and further includes wherein thesecond section is joined only with the first section and the channel isnot joined to any other channels, and wherein the channel including thefirst and second sections is sealed from the passage by the outersurface of the housing. A fifth example of the method optionallyincludes one or more or each of the first through fourth examples, andfurther includes wherein, while the key is positioned at the end of thesecond section, the key is not movable in the axial direction. A sixthexample of the method optionally includes one or more or each of thefirst through fourth examples, and further includes wherein the secondsection does not encircle an entire perimeter of the outer surface ofthe housing in the circumferential direction. A seventh example of themethod optionally includes one or more or each of the first throughsixth examples, and further includes, before inserting the housing intothe passage and cutting the first section, increasing a temperature ofthe housing above at least 550 Kelvin. An eighth example of the methodoptionally includes one or more or each of the first through seventhexamples, and further includes wherein cutting the first section intothe vehicle component includes pressing the key of the housing againstan exterior surface of the vehicle component to depress the exteriorsurface by a first length in the axial direction, the exterior surfaceforming an opening of the passage. A ninth example of the methodoptionally includes one or more or each of the first through eighthexamples, and further includes wherein inserting the housing into thepassage includes pressing the housing into the opening, the openinghaving an inner diameter smaller than a diameter of the outer surface ofthe housing.

In one embodiment, a system comprises: a vehicle component; a housingfor only a fastener, the housing embedded within the vehicle componentand including a radial key; and a channel carved within the vehiclecomponent by the key, a first section of the channel extending in anaxial direction of the housing and not in a circumferential direction ofthe housing, a second section of the channel extending in thecircumferential direction and not the axial direction. In a firstexample of the system, the vehicle component is formed of a softer,first material and the housing is formed of a harder, second material,the second material having a higher melting temperature than the firstmaterial. A second example of the system optionally includes the firstexample, and further includes wherein the first section extends in theaxial direction of the housing into the vehicle component from anexterior surface of the vehicle component, and the second sectionextends through the vehicle component in the circumferential direction,the second section joined with the first section at an end of the firstsection opposite to the exterior surface in the axial direction. A thirdexample of the system optionally includes one or both of the first andsecond examples, and further includes wherein the housing includes acentral conduit extending through the housing in the axial directionfrom a first end of the housing to a second end of the housing, thefirst end including a flange extending radially from an outer surface ofthe housing and encircling the central conduit, the flange including anouter, planar surface positioned parallel to an exterior surface of thevehicle component and engaged in face-sharing contact with the exteriorsurface, the planar surface of the flange including a slot shaped toengage with a rotatable drive tool. A fourth example of the systemoptionally includes one or more or each of the first through thirdexamples, and further includes wherein the key includes a planar, firstsurface positioned parallel to a planar, second surface, the first andsecond planar surfaces extending radially outward from an outer surfaceof the housing, with a width of the first and second planar surfaces ina circumferential direction of the housing being greater than a lengthof the key in the axial direction, and wherein the key does not extendalong an entire perimeter of the outer surface. A fifth example of thesystem optionally includes one or more or each of the first throughfourth examples, and further includes wherein the key is one of aplurality of radial keys extending outward from an outer surface of thehousing, with each key of the plurality of keys being angled by a sameamount relative to each adjacent key of the plurality of keys around acentral axis of the housing, and wherein each key of the plurality ofkeys is not joined to each adjacent key of the plurality of keys.

In another embodiment, a method comprises: increasing a temperature of ahousing for a fastener above a melting temperature of an intake line ofa vehicle; expanding a passage of the intake line by driving the housinginto an opening of the passage; and forming a channel within an interiorwall of the intake line and adjacent to the passage by melting theinterior wall with a radial key of the housing while pressing the keyagainst the interior wall, the key extending outward from an outersurface of the housing, where the channel includes only: a first sectionformed by pressing the key against the interior wall in an axialdirection of the housing and not in a circumferential direction of thehousing; and a second section formed by pressing the key against theinterior wall in the circumferential direction and not in the axialdirection. In a first example of the method, the method furthercomprises closing the opening of the passage with a flange of thehousing, the flange forming an aperture of a central conduit of thehousing, the central conduit adapted to receive the fastener. A secondexample of the method optionally includes the first example, and furtherincludes wherein expanding the passage includes pressing the outersurface of the housing against an inner surface of the passage. A thirdexample of the method optionally includes one or both of the first andsecond examples, and further includes wherein the first section isformed before the second section, and wherein forming the second sectionlocks the key into the second section.

In another representation, a system comprises: a vehicle component; ahousing for a fastener, the housing embedded within the vehiclecomponent and including inner surfaces forming a central conduit adaptedto receive the fastener and outer surfaces forming a key extendingradially outward relative to the central conduit; and a slot carvedwithin the vehicle component by the key of the housing. In one exampleof the system, the key extends radially outward further than the flangefrom the outer surfaces of the housing. The housing may be embeddedwithin a passage of the vehicle component, the passage having an openingcovered by the flange, and an inner diameter of the passage may besmaller than an outer diameter of a section of the housing forming thecentral conduit.

Note that the example control and estimation routines included hereincan be used with various engine and/or vehicle system configurations.The control methods and routines disclosed herein may be stored asexecutable instructions in non-transitory memory and may be carried outby the control system including the controller in combination with thevarious sensors, actuators, and other engine hardware. The specificroutines described herein may represent one or more of any number ofprocessing strategies such as event-driven, interrupt-driven,multi-tasking, multi-threading, and the like. As such, various actions,operations, and/or functions illustrated may be performed in thesequence illustrated, in parallel, or in some cases omitted. Likewise,the order of processing is not necessarily required to achieve thefeatures and advantages of the example embodiments described herein, butis provided for ease of illustration and description. One or more of theillustrated actions, operations and/or functions may be repeatedlyperformed depending on the particular strategy being used. Further, thedescribed actions, operations and/or functions may graphically representcode to be programmed into non-transitory memory of the computerreadable storage medium in the engine control system, where thedescribed actions are carried out by executing the instructions in asystem including the various engine hardware components in combinationwith the electronic controller.

It will be appreciated that the configurations and routines disclosedherein are exemplary in nature, and that these specific embodiments arenot to be considered in a limiting sense, because numerous variationsare possible. For example, the above technology can be applied to V-6,I-4, I-6, V-12, opposed 4, and other engine types. The subject matter ofthe present disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinationsand sub-combinations of the various systems and configurations, andother features, functions, and/or properties disclosed herein.

The following claims particularly point out certain combinations andsub-combinations regarded as novel and non-obvious. These claims mayrefer to “an” element or “a first” element or the equivalent thereof.Such claims should be understood to include incorporation of one or moresuch elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more suchelements. Other combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosedfeatures, functions, elements, and/or properties may be claimed throughamendment of the present claims or through presentation of new claims inthis or a related application. Such claims, whether broader, narrower,equal, or different in scope to the original claims, also are regardedas included within the subject matter of the present disclosure.

1. A method, comprising: inserting a housing for a fastener into apassage extending into a vehicle component while cutting a first sectionof a channel into the vehicle component in an axial direction of thehousing with a key of the housing, the key extending radially outwardfrom an outer surface of the housing; then, locking the housing to thevehicle component by rotating the housing within the passage.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the housing is not rotated as the firstsection is cut into the vehicle component, and the housing is notremoved from the vehicle component after cutting the first section andbefore locking the housing to the vehicle component.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein locking the housing to the vehicle component includesnot moving the housing in the axial direction.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein locking the housing to the vehicle component includes cutting asecond section of the channel into the vehicle component with the key ina circumferential direction of the housing and positioning the key at anend of the second section.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the secondsection is joined only with the first section and the channel is notjoined to any other channels, and wherein the channel including thefirst and second sections is sealed from the passage by the outersurface of the housing.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein, while the keyis positioned at the end of the second section, the key is not movablein the axial direction.
 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the secondsection does not encircle an entire perimeter of the outer surface ofthe housing in the circumferential direction.
 8. The method of claim 1,further comprising, before inserting the housing into the passage andcutting the first section, increasing a temperature of the housing aboveat least 550 Kelvin.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein cutting the firstsection into the vehicle component includes pressing the key of thehousing against an exterior surface of the vehicle component to depressthe exterior surface by a first length in the axial direction, theexterior surface forming an opening of the passage.
 10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein inserting the housing into the passage includespressing the housing into the opening, the opening having an innerdiameter smaller than a diameter of the outer surface of the housing.11. A system, comprising: a vehicle component; a housing for only afastener, the housing embedded within the vehicle component andincluding a radial key; and a channel carved within the vehiclecomponent by the key, a first section of the channel extending in anaxial direction of the housing and not in a circumferential direction ofthe housing, a second section of the channel extending in thecircumferential direction and not the axial direction.
 12. The system ofclaim 11, wherein the vehicle component is formed of a softer, firstmaterial and the housing is formed of a harder, second material, thesecond material having a higher melting temperature than the firstmaterial.
 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first section extendsin the axial direction of the housing into the vehicle component from anexterior surface of the vehicle component, and the second sectionextends through the vehicle component in the circumferential direction,the second section joined with the first section at an end of the firstsection opposite to the exterior surface in the axial direction.
 14. Thesystem of claim 11, wherein the housing includes a central conduitextending through the housing in the axial direction from a first end ofthe housing to a second end of the housing, the first end including aflange extending radially from an outer surface of the housing andencircling the central conduit, the flange including an outer, planarsurface positioned parallel to an exterior surface of the vehiclecomponent and engaged in face-sharing contact with the exterior surface,the planar surface of the flange including a slot shaped to engage witha rotatable drive tool.
 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the keyincludes a planar, first surface positioned parallel to a planar, secondsurface, the first and second planar surfaces extending radially outwardfrom an outer surface of the housing, with a width of the first andsecond planar surfaces in the circumferential direction of the housingbeing greater than a length of the key in the axial direction, andwherein the key does not extend along an entire perimeter of the outersurface.
 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the key is one of aplurality of radial keys extending outward from an outer surface of thehousing, with each key of the plurality of keys being angled by a sameamount relative to each adjacent key of the plurality of keys around acentral axis of the housing, and wherein each key of the plurality ofkeys is not joined to each adjacent key of the plurality of keys.
 17. Amethod, comprising: increasing a temperature of a housing for a fastenerabove a melting temperature of an intake line of a vehicle; expanding apassage of the intake line by driving the housing into an opening of thepassage; and forming a channel within an interior wall of the intakeline and adjacent to the passage by melting the interior wall with aradial key of the housing while pressing the key against the interiorwall, the key extending outward from an outer surface of the housing,where the channel includes only: a first section formed by pressing thekey against the interior wall in an axial direction of the housing andnot in a circumferential direction of the housing; and a second sectionformed by pressing the key against the interior wall in thecircumferential direction and not in the axial direction.
 18. The methodof claim 17, further comprising closing the opening of the passage witha flange of the housing, the flange forming an aperture of a centralconduit of the housing, the central conduit adapted to receive thefastener.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein expanding the passageincludes pressing the outer surface of the housing against an innersurface of the passage.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the firstsection is formed before the second section, and wherein forming thesecond section locks the key into the second section.